Refrigeration ya Aoyue ili ndi njira yopititsira patsogolo zimbudzi. M’chaka cha 2013, potsatira pempho la boma, tinakhazikitsa dongosolo lathu lachimbudzi. Madzi otayira m'mafakitale amatha kutayidwa atatha kuthiridwa ndi zimbudzi komanso kukwaniritsa miyezo yotayira.

Nthawi zambiri, timagawa njira zochizira m'magawo anayi akuluakulu: chithandizo chisanachitike, chithandizo chachilengedwe, chithandizo chapamwamba, komanso chithandizo chamatope. Pachimake cha njira zamakono zochotsera zinyalala ndizochiritsira tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (mabakiteriya). Biotechnology yomwe imakulitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tidye zowononga pakali pano ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri, yotsika mtengo, komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe pakati pa njira zonse zochizira.

1.Pre processing

Kukonzekera koyambirira kumakhala kotsatira chithandizo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kupatulapo gawo laling'ono la madzi onyansa omwe sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a tizilombo). Popeza ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mosakayika adzakhala ndi zofunika zina zofunika. Pamene imakwaniritsa zofunikira kuti ikhale ndi moyo, imakula mwamphamvu komanso imasamalira bwino zimbudzi. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha, tizilombo tambiri timakula bwino pa madigiri 30-35 Celsius, ndi pH ya 6-8 ndipo palibe zoletsa kapena zinthu zoopsa. Zowononga zimayenera kukhala zosavuta kudya, monga zofanana ndi zipatso osati pulasitiki. Komanso, madzi asamakhale okwera kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri kwa kanthawi, kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisafe kapena kufa ndi njala, ndi zina zotero.

Choncho, pali makamaka njira zotsatirazi preprocessing:

Grille: Cholinga cha grille ndikuchotsa zinyalala zazikulu monga nsalu, mapepala, ndi zina zotero kuchokera m'madzi, pofuna kupewa kusokoneza ntchito ya mpope wa madzi m'tsogolomu. Dziwe loyang'anira: Pantchito ya fakitale, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kukhetsa komanso kusakhetsa madzi nthawi imodzi, kutulutsa madzi ambiri nthawi imodzi, ndikutulutsa madzi opepuka nthawi imodzi. Kusinthasintha ndi kwakukulu, koma kukonza kotsatira kuyenera kukhala kofanana. Dziwe loyang'anira ndi thanki yosungiramo madzi, pomwe madzi ochokera ku zokambirana ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana amayikidwa koyamba mu dziwe limodzi. Dziwe limeneli nthawi zambiri limafunika kukhala ndi zinthu zosonkhezera, monga kusonkhezera mpweya kapena makina osonkhezera, kusakaniza madzi osiyanasiyana mofanana. Ngati acidity ndi alkalinity pambuyo kusakaniza sizili pakati pa 6 ndi 9, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuwonjezera asidi kapena alkali kuti musinthe.

Zida zowongolera kutentha: Cholinga chake ndikusintha kutentha kuti zigwirizane ndi momwe tizilombo titha kupirira. Nthawi zambiri ndi nsanja yozizira kapena chotenthetsera. Ngati kutentha komweko kuli mkati mwamtunduwu, ndiye kuti gawoli likhoza kuchotsedwa.

Dosing pretreatment. Ngati pali zolimba zambiri zoyimitsidwa kapena zowononga kwambiri m'madzi, kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala amawonjezedwa kuti achepetse gawo la zoipitsa ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa. Zida zomwe zili pano nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyandama mpweya kapena thanki ya dosing sedimentation. Detoxification ndi chithandizo chothyola unyolo. Njira yochizirayi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyika kwambiri, zovuta kutsitsa, kuthira madzi oyipa a poizoni m'mafakitale, mankhwala, ndi zina. General njira monga chitsulo carbon, Fenton, electrocatalysis, ndi zina zotero. Kupyolera mu njira zimenezi, zomwe zili zowononga zowonongeka zimatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zina zomwe sizingalumidwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tingadulidwe m'kamwa mwabwino, kusandulika zinthu zapoizoni kukhala zopanda poizoni kapena zochepa poizoni.

2. Gawo la mankhwala a tizilombo

Mwachidule, ndimeyi ikunena za maiwe kapena akasinja omwe amakulitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tidye zowononga, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magawo a anaerobic ndi aerobic.

Gawo la anaerobic, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi njira yomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalima kuti tidye zowononga. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa sitejiyi ndikuyesera kuti thupi la madzi lisamatulutse mpweya wambiri momwe zingathere. Kupyolera mu gawo la anaerobic, gawo lalikulu la zowononga zimatha kudyedwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndizodabwitsa kuti zowononga zina zomwe sizingalumidwe ndi Aerobic zamoyo zimatha kudulidwa m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kudya, komanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali monga biogas zimatha kupangidwanso.

Gawo la Aerobic ndi gawo la chikhalidwe cha Microbiological komwe mpweya ndi wofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo. Zida zomwe ziyenera kukhala nazo panthawiyi ndi mpweya wa oxygen, womwe umadzaza madzi ndi mpweya kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tipume. Panthawiyi, popereka mpweya wokwanira, kuwongolera kutentha ndi pH, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kudya zowononga, kuchepetsa kwambiri ndende yawo, ndipo mtengo umene mumadya ndi mtengo wamagetsi wa fani yopangira mpweya. Kodi sizotsika mtengo? Inde, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tipitiriza kuberekana ndi kufa, koma zonse, zimaberekana mofulumira. Mitembo ya ma aerobic microorganisms ndi matupi ena a bakiteriya amaphatikizana kupanga zinyalala zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Madzi otayirapo amakhala ndi zinyalala zambiri zomwe zimayendetsedwa, zomwe ziyenera kupatulidwa ndi madzi. Dothi loyatsidwa, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nthawi zambiri limapangidwanso ndi kudyetsedwa mu thanki ya aerobic, pomwe gawo laling'ono limatulutsidwa kuti liume ndi kunyamula madzi.

3. Chithandizo chapamwamba

Pambuyo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndende ya zoipitsa m'madzi salinso mkulu kapena otsika kwambiri, koma pangakhale zizindikiro kuti kuposa muyezo, monga nsomba za nsomba, ammonia nayitrogeni, chromaticity, zitsulo zolemera, etc. Panthawi imeneyi, mankhwala ena. imafunika kuwononga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, pali njira monga kuyandama kwa mpweya, mpweya wa physicochemical, kuphwanya, kutsatsa, etc.

4. Dongosolo la chithandizo cha sludge

Kwenikweni, njira zamankhwala ndi zachilengedwe zimatulutsa matope ambiri, omwe amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri pafupifupi 99% yamadzi. Izi zimafuna kuchotsedwa kwa madzi ambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, dehydrator iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka yomwe imakhala ndi makina a lamba, makina a chimango, ma centrifuges, ndi makina osungiramo zitsulo, kuti madzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi a 50% -80%, ndiyeno amawanyamulire kumalo otayirako, magetsi. , mafakitale a njerwa, ndi malo ena.