Njira yabwino kwambiri, yopulumutsira mphamvu, yobiriwira, komanso yonyamula kuzizira ndiyo njira yowunikira anthu mosalekeza. Posachedwapa, nkhani ya pa intaneti mu nyuzipepala ya Science inanena za njira yatsopano yosinthira firiji yomwe inapezedwa ndi gulu lofufuza limodzi la asayansi aku China ndi America - "torsional heat refrigeration". Gulu lofufuza lidapeza kuti kusintha kupindika mkati mwa ulusi kumatha kuzirala. Chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino ya firiji, kukula kwazing'ono, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana wamba, "firiji yopotoka yotentha" yopangidwa ndi teknolojiyi yakhalanso yodalirika.
Kupindula kumeneku kumachokera ku kafukufuku wogwirizana wa gulu la Professor Liu Zunfeng wochokera ku State Key Laboratory of Medicinal chemistry Biology, School of Pharmacy, ndi Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer ya Unduna wa Maphunziro a Nankai University, ndi gulu la Ray H. Baugman , pulofesa wa Texas State University, Dallas Branch, ndi Yang Shixian, Docent wa Nankai University.
Ingotsitsani kutentha ndikupotoza
Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la International Refrigeration Research Institute linanena, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kwa ma air conditioners ndi mafiriji padziko lapansi pano kumatenga pafupifupi 20% ya magetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Mfundo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa firiji yoponderezedwa ndi mpweya masiku ano nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu ya Carnot yochepera 60%, ndipo mipweya yotulutsidwa ndi njira zamafiriji zachikhalidwe ikukulitsa kutentha kwa dziko. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa firiji ndi anthu, kufufuza malingaliro atsopano a firiji ndi njira zothetsera kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya firiji, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa zipangizo za firiji wakhala ntchito yachangu.
Rabara yachilengedwe imatulutsa kutentha ikatambasulidwa, koma kutentha kumachepa mukatha kubweza. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa "elastic thermal refrigeration", yomwe idapezeka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19. Komabe, kuti muzitha kuziziritsa bwino, mphira uyenera kutambasulidwa mpaka 6-7 kutalika kwake ndikubwezeredwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti firiji imafuna voliyumu yayikulu. Komanso, mphamvu yapano ya Carnot ya "firiji yotentha" ndiyotsika, nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 32%.
Kupyolera mu teknoloji ya "torsional cooling", ochita kafukufuku anatambasula fibrous rabara elastomer kawiri (100% strain), kenako anakonza mapeto onse ndikuzipotoza kuchokera ku mbali imodzi kuti apange mawonekedwe a Superhelix. Pambuyo pake, kusapindika mwachangu kunachitika, ndipo kutentha kwa ulusi wa rabara kunatsika ndi 15.5 digiri Celsius.
Chotsatirachi ndi chachikulu kuposa kuzirala pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa 'elastic thermal refrigeration': mphira womwe watambasulidwa kuwirikiza ka 7 umakhazikika ndikuzizira mpaka 12.2 digiri Celsius. Komabe, ngati mphirayo wapindika ndi kukulitsidwa, ndiyeno nkutulutsidwa nthawi imodzi, ‘torsional thermal refrigeration’ imatha kuzizira mpaka kufika pa 16.4 digiri Celsius. Liu Zunfeng adati pansi pa kuziziritsa komweku, kuchuluka kwa mphira wa 'torsional thermal refrigeration' ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a mphira wa 'elastic thermal refrigeration', ndipo mphamvu yake ya Carnot imatha kufika 67%, yopambana kwambiri kuposa mpweya. compression firiji.
Nsomba zosodza ndi nsalu zimatha kukhazikika
Ofufuza adawonetsa kuti pali malo ambiri oti musinthe mphira ngati "torsional heat refrigeration" zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, mphira imakhala yofewa ndipo imafuna zokhota zambiri kuti iziziziritsa kwambiri. Liwiro lake lotumiza kutentha limachedwa, ndipo nkhani monga kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza komanso kulimba kwa zinthuzo ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'ana zida zina za "torsional refrigeration" kwakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri kwa gulu lofufuza.
Chochititsa chidwi, tapeza kuti ndondomeko ya 'torsional heat cooling' imagwiranso ntchito pa nsomba ndi nsalu. M'mbuyomu, anthu samazindikira kuti zida wambazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa, "atero a Liu Zunfeng.
Ofufuzawo adapotoza ulusi wolimba wa polimawu ndikupanga mawonekedwe a helical. Kutambasula kwa helix kumatha kukweza kutentha, koma mutachotsa helix, kutentha kumachepa.
Kuyeseraku kunapeza kuti pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa "torsional heat cooling", waya woluka wa polyethylene amatha kutsika kutentha kwa madigiri 5.1 Celsius, pomwe zinthuzo zimatambasulidwa ndikumasulidwa popanda kusintha kwa kutentha komwe kumawonedwa. Mfundo ya 'torsional heat cooling' ya mtundu uwu wa polyethylene fiber ndikuti panthawi yotambasula, kupindika kwamkati kwa helix kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu. Liu Zunfeng ananena kuti zinthu zolimba zimenezi n’zolimba kuposa ulusi wa raba, ndipo kuzizira kumaposa mphira ngakhale zitatambasulidwa zazifupi kwambiri.
Ofufuza adapezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa "torsional heat cooling" ku ma aloyi a nickel titanium memory alloys okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kutentha kwachangu kumapangitsa kuzizira bwino, ndipo kupindika pang'ono kokha kumafunikira kuti muzitha kuziziritsa kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, popotoza mawaya anayi a nickel titaniyamu aloyi palimodzi, kutentha kwakukulu kumatsika pambuyo pa kusapindika kumatha kufika madigiri 20.8 Celsius, ndipo kutentha kwapakati kutsika kumatha kufika madigiri 18.2 Celsius. Izi ndizokwera pang'ono kuposa kuzizira kwa 17.0 digiri Celsius komwe kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa 'thermal refrigeration'. Kuzungulira m'firiji kumodzi kumangotenga masekondi 30, "atero a Liu Zunfeng.
Zamakono zatsopano zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafiriji m'tsogolomu
Pogwiritsa ntchito luso la "torsional heat refrigeration", ofufuza apanga chitsanzo cha firiji chomwe chimatha kuziziritsa madzi oyenda. Anagwiritsa ntchito mawaya atatu a nickel titanium alloy monga zida zozizirira, kuzungulira 0,87 revolutions pa centimita kuti akwaniritse kuziziritsa kwa madigiri 7.7 Celsius.
Kupeza uku kudakali ndi njira yayitali kuti ayambe kugulitsa 'mafiriji otentha', ndi mwayi komanso zovuta, "anatero Ray Bowman. Liu Zunfeng akukhulupirira kuti ukadaulo watsopano wa firiji womwe wapezeka mu kafukufukuyu wakulitsa gawo latsopano m'munda wa firiji. Idzapereka njira yatsopano yochepetsera mphamvu zamagetsi m'munda wa firiji.
Chodabwitsa china chapadera mu "torsional heat refrigeration" ndikuti mbali zosiyanasiyana za fiber zimawonetsa kutentha kosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kugawa kwanthawi ndi nthawi kwa helix komwe kumapangidwa ndi kupotoza ulusi motsatira njira ya utali wa fiber. Ofufuzawo adakutira pamwamba pa waya wa nickel titanium alloy ndi zokutira za Thermochromism kuti apange "torsional yozizira" kusintha utoto. Panthawi yokhotakhota komanso yosapindika, ulusiwo umasintha mtundu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu watsopano wa sensing element pakuyezera kwakutali kwa fiber twist. Mwachitsanzo, powona kusintha kwamitundu ndi maso, munthu amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa patali, zomwe ndi sensa yosavuta kwambiri. "Liu Zunfeng ananena kuti potengera mfundo ya" torsional kutentha kuzirala ", ulusi ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito wanzeru mitundu kusintha nsalu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023